Ibintu byo mu butaka buto (REEs) byabaye igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa none, kuko ari bimwe mu bigize ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka telefoni zigendanwa, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, turbine z'umuyaga, n'intwaro. Nubwo inganda z'ubutaka buto ari nto ugereranyije n'izindi nzego z'amabuye y'agaciro, akamaro kabyo kariyongereye cyane mu myaka mike ishize, ahanini bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ikoranabuhanga rishya n'impinduka ku isi yose zigana ku masoko y'ingufu arambye.
Iterambere ry’ubutaka budakunze kuboneka ryabaye isomo ry’ingenzi ku bihugu byinshi ku isi, birimo Ubushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Ositaraliya. Mu myaka myinshi, Ubushinwa bwabaye igihugu gitanga REEs nyinshi, butanga umusaruro urenga 80% ku isi. Mu by’ukuri, ubutaka budakunze kuboneka si buke, ariko biragoye kubukura no kubutunganya, bigatuma umusaruro wabwo no kubutanga biba akazi katoroshye kandi katoroshye. Ariko, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubukene bwa REEs, habayeho ukwiyongera gukomeye mu bikorwa by’ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere, byatumye amasoko mashya y’ubutaka budakunze kuboneka avumburwa kandi agatunganywa.
Indi nzira mu nganda z’ubutaka budasanzwe ni ukwiyongera k’ubukene bw’ibintu byihariye by’ubutaka budasanzwe. Neodymium na praseodymium, ari byo bintu by’ingenzi mu mashini zihoraho zikoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye z’inganda n’iz’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, bigize igice kinini cy’ubukene bw’ubutaka budasanzwe. Europium, ikindi kintu cy’ubutaka budasanzwe, gikoreshwa muri televiziyo z’amabara n’amatara akoresha amashanyarazi. Dysprosium, terbium, na yttrium nabyo birakenewe cyane bitewe n’imiterere yabyo yihariye, bigatuma biba ingenzi mu gukora ibicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Ugushaka ibi bintu bidasanzwe bikomeje kwiyongera bivuze ko hakenewe kongera umusaruro, ibyo bikaba bisaba ishoramari rinini mu bushakashatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, no gutunganya. Ariko, bitewe n'ubucukuzi n'itunganywa rya REEs, hamwe n'amabwiriza akomeye agenga ibidukikije, amasosiyete y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ahura n'imbogamizi zikomeye zigabanya umuvuduko w'iterambere.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, amahirwe yo guteza imbere ubutaka buto cyane aracyari meza, aho ikoranabuhanga rishya, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa birushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma habaho gukenera ibikoresho bishya byo mu rwego rw'ubukungu. Ibyiza by'iterambere ry'igihe kirekire muri uru rwego ni byiza, aho isoko ry'ubutaka buto cyane ku isi ryitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 16.21 z'amadolari mu 2026, rikiyongera ku kigero cya 8.44% hagati ya 2021-2026.
Mu gusoza, icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ubutaka buto n’icyitegererezo ni cyiza. Kubera ko hari kwiyongera k’ubukene bw’ibicuruzwa bigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, hakenewe kongera umusaruro wa REE. Ariko, amasosiyete y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro agomba guhangana n’ingorane ziterwa no gucukura no gutunganya REE no kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze yo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Nyamara, amahirwe y’iterambere ry’igihe kirekire ku nganda zito n’iz’ubutaka buto aracyakomeye, bigatuma biba amahirwe meza ku bashoramari n’abafatanyabikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-05-2023
